Polio has once again emerged as a serious threat in Afghanistan. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the country recorded 23 confirmed polio cases in the past year, the highest in four years.
This 283% increase compared to 2024 has raised alarms for public health.
Most new cases were reported in the southern and eastern provinces, particularly Kandahar, Helmand, and Nangarhar, with 14 cases in Kandahar and 7 in Helmand.
These areas are more vulnerable due to security constraints and barriers to vaccination access. In 2025, two additional cases were reported in Helmand and Badghis, signaling the ongoing challenge.
Afghanistan and Pakistan remain the only countries where polio is still endemic. The wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) continues to circulate, potentially causing permanent paralysis or death in children.
Although vaccination is the most effective prevention method, multiple obstacles have undermined efforts.
After taking control in 2021, the Taliban initially allowed door-to-door vaccination campaigns but recently shifted to site-based campaigns, limiting access to all children.
According to WHO, Taliban restrictions on female health workers, especially in rural areas, pose a significant barrier. Additionally, vaccine hesitancy fueled by rumors and conspiracy theories has reduced public acceptance.
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) and WHO, in collaboration with local authorities, conducted multiple campaigns in 2024.
However, logistical issues and insecurity have hindered full coverage. Environmental samples testing positive for polio in provinces like Kabul and Zabul also indicate the virus’s spread.
Experts warn that without resuming door-to-door vaccinations and strengthening the health system, polio could spread to more areas.
